I just had an intriguing thought: is everything in Life, Nature and the Universe multi purpose? Water is multi purpose (eg, gas, ice, snow, thirst). Light is also multi purpose (eg, energy, sunlight, UV-radiation, warmth). I cannot imagine that's a coincidence. Is multi purpose an element of reciprocity? My next thought was about reciprocity and its common dualistic...
Reciprocity

Conceptual Framework / Theory of Everything – 2025 update
It's the time of the year to summarize my thinking and especially regarding my Conceptual Framework and my Theory of Everything. I decided to combine both concepts in my diagram below. Clearly, the bottom part - including Electromagnetism, Gravity and Light - needs further thinking. While writing, I received a sudden brainwave: update the (draft) diagram by...
Winners and losers of the American trade war
Various articles discuss who has won the trade war between Europe and USA (eg, Politico-1). Apparently, the more taxation, the better. Seriously?? This lack of perspective worries me. France (and others) complain about the lack of reciprocity of import tariffs for USA (eg, Politico-2). Such articles forget - or ignore - some very important things: Impact of import...
How many enemies can you have??
Trump is creating new enemies every single day. Some day, they will realise an ancient proverb: the enemy of my enemy is my friend, “which suggests that two parties can or should work together against a common enemy.” I doubt Trump cares about friendly nations. Retaliatory measures (eg, by Canada) against USA will only “prove” Trump’s point: friendly nations do...
Reciprocity (2)
”The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that you should reciprocate to others how you would like them to treat you (not necessarily how they actually treat you).” (Wiki) The Russian comments on the Ukraine attacks on Russian territory, are an...

Reciprocity, a human tool?
Since several days, I've been wondering if reciprocity is a fundamental principle. Wikipedia argues that it is "a fundamental principle in social psychology". Hence, only for humans. In my view, reciprocity also applies to primates and probably to other lifeforms. After some reflection, I made this diagram. Lines 2, 3 and 4 are (probably) derivatives of line 1:...

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